Japanese is consistent about the verb (or adjective, adverb) coming last in the clause/sentence (besides certain sentence-ending particles). There are no "particles" necessary on verbs because they're always in the right position.

The subject/object/means/destination/etc are flexible and can appear in any order - but typically subject appears before object - `NOUN ga NOUN wo VERB`, `NOUN ga NOUN ni VERB` (where `ga` denotes the subject), whereas `NOUN wo NOUN ga VERB` would be atypical, but not incorrect.

When a verb (or adjective/adverb) appears before a noun, as in `VERB NOUN`, it modifies the noun - acting like an adjective - `VERB NOUN` is like "NOUN that/which VERBS". All adjectives work this way - ADJ NOUN, because verbs and adjectives are not really disjoint word classes in Japanese. Even the noun adjectives ("na-adjectives") function this way - they appear as `NOUN na NOUN`, but `na` is secretly a verb disguised as a particle. Examples:

    sora ga aoi             (The sky is blue)
    aoi sora                (Blue sky)    [i-adjective]
    sora ga kirei desu      (The sky is pretty)
    kirei na sora           (Pretty sky)  [na-adjective]
    sora ga haiiro ni naru  (The sky turns grey)
    haiiro ni naru sora     (Sky which turns gray) [verb clause as adjective]

Spoken Japanese is very context sensitive, so things can be omitted if they're already known to the listener - this can include the verb, and any of the particles.

Verbs can appear out of order - for example at the start of a sentence - but the meaning is understood based on tone or pause in the speech - basically, if what were being spoken were to be written it would be with a comma after the verb. `VERB, NOUN`

Example:

    watashi wa hara ga hetta (I'm hungry).
    hara ga hetta, watashi   (Hungry, I am).
    hara ga heru watashi     (Me who is hungry) [no pause or comma]