There's winners and losers behind any aggregate economic statistic like GDP and the ones you cite. I think that should be obvious. Do you think those people with the water pistols are winning?
Honestly, they could be. Their feelings of aggression are not evidence of a factual basis for them.
I actually think this is better examined not as winners-losers, but costs-benefits, because most people will be experiencing both the “winning” side and the “losing” side simultaneously.
My city is not Barcelona but it's getting a growing tourism phenomenon. This goes into few pockets and against everyone else, and people is getting pissed about it.
In "expat" groups foreigners complain we're rude and uninviting, but why wouldn't people be, we were perfectly fine before. Almost nobody here lives off tourism.
You don’t need to be directly receiving tourist dollars to benefit economically from tourism. Tourism can inject a significant amount of money into the local economy, which then circulates and supports business and employment outside of tourism.
(Of course, not all tourism is equal. Day visitors from cruise lines spend little money onshore, for example.)
We've been living without tourism fine, we have industry, big companies, etc. I only see negative externalities in exchange of filling a few big pockets.
Our quality of life worsens in exchange of nothing good for most of us.
