I first heard about this concept in the early 1990s from netpbm (then called pbmtools). The exact language seems to have been removed from the current manual[1] but the basic idea was that if you have N image formats, you can either write NxN tools to convert between them, or you can have a few common image formats (ie. pbm - bitmap, pgm - greyscale and ppm - fullcolour) and then write 2xN tools to convert between the universe of all image formats and the common formats. You then use Unix pipes to connect the tools together.
I miss a bit some of the old `xxx2yyy` programs. It's tempting to consider:
FILE.csv.html.pdf.zip
...`csv2html | html2pdf | pdf2zip`, and vice-versa... how possible is it to make the pipeline reversible, eg: `zip2pdf | pdf2html | html2csv`, or in the absence of "reversibility", could you simply shortcut and get straight back to the original `*.csv`?
[1] https://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/