Disadvantage students having lower GPA isn't surprising, it is the expectation.
The question that hard to answer is did those lower performance groups still learn, and what was the delta on where they started.
Private tutoring, existing life skills, access to money to free up studying time etc...
A student that has to work through school or has to help with the career of a family member has to sometimes sacrifice GPA for life's reality.
Obviously GPA is important for social ladder climbing. But this is part of the reason social mobility is the US is far lower than many other countries.
A B or C+ student is still learning and allowing for a path for those in the lowe 'casts' is how we grow economically.
This isn't a zero sum game. Eugenics based policies have hurt our competitiveness.
The question that hard to answer is did those lower performance groups still learn, and what was the delta on where they started.
Private tutoring, existing life skills, access to money to free up studying time etc...
A student that has to work through school or has to help with the career of a family member has to sometimes sacrifice GPA for life's reality.
Obviously GPA is important for social ladder climbing. But this is part of the reason social mobility is the US is far lower than many other countries.
A B or C+ student is still learning and allowing for a path for those in the lowe 'casts' is how we grow economically.
This isn't a zero sum game. Eugenics based policies have hurt our competitiveness.