EBCDIC persisted later than many might expect - to 1990 in legacy hardened IBM System/360's used in air traffic and defence (branded as IBM 9020's IIRC).
Early C compiler projects (eg: The Hendrix Small-C of ~1982) would get patched by some to support the full C language and extended to cross compile to and from whatever machines were about at the time, System/360's, VAX, PDP's, early PC's, BBC micros, etc.
It wasn't always the case that char encoding passed on by default, there was always the option to insert a trans table whether compiling or dealing with data stored in not native form (similar to data in big end V little end).
Early C compiler projects (eg: The Hendrix Small-C of ~1982) would get patched by some to support the full C language and extended to cross compile to and from whatever machines were about at the time, System/360's, VAX, PDP's, early PC's, BBC micros, etc.
It wasn't always the case that char encoding passed on by default, there was always the option to insert a trans table whether compiling or dealing with data stored in not native form (similar to data in big end V little end).