this book was a key stepping stone from being a support engineer on a product built on top of the bsd kernel, to becoming a developer on said product and launching a career as a software engineer with no formal college education whatsoever. OS internals were something I could touch and feel on a daily basis, and then I could read and comprehend the code that underpinned it all. Great stuff.
It's not about any OS in particular, but Per Brinch Hansen has a book called Classic Operating Systems: From Batch Processing To Distributed Systems, which showcases a lot of historically important essays in operating system history. The back of the book says it "includes a bibliography of about 60 operating systems".
I would place the Windows Internals book series on that list, BeOS, Mac OS books from Apple (pre-OS X ones), Plan 9 books, Programming Inferno, for example.