It's been a while since I've used Teams+Sharepoint, but I vaguely remember being able to have a Sharepoint workspace per team channel, and then being able to mount those workspaces as a shared/network drive. Stuff that might end up in the workspace is like... shared/uploaded files or something?
This is correct. Every channel is backed by a Sharepoint folder (maybe this is configurable?) that contains stuff like uploaded images, videos, recordings and transcripts of meetings, etc.
It's hilarious on Linux you need chrome to use teams for screen sharing / video to work, and Firefox for sharepoint file sharing to properly work.
If someone shares a file on a channel, you can open it in chrome. But you can't share any files yourself, because either the upload button doesn't work or when it does it looks like you shared the file in the chat for a split second then it dissapears.