Possibly with small calibre weapons in urban areas.

Sound ranging is a solved and reliable way of identifying artillery locations and was the gold standard until counter-battery radar was developed during WW2. It's still in service with all major militaries (in the West, largely using BAE HALO) as it's a completely passive sensor system and therefore not subject to attack from HARM.

I think shotspotter's problems are more political than technical.

Not to say they don't have technical challenges too: better sensors than the human ear turn out to be fairly easy, but interpreting that data is still hard. Brains are complicated, "hearing" is a process contributed to by nearly every layer of meat that reacts to sound. The human ability to notice a new noise in the cacophony of everyday life is really an amazing trick if you think about it.

I know a non-shotspotter effort to identify gunshot sound in a very different context which also is having a very hard time; there is a real unsolved technical problem here. And it makes me think that ID'ing gun model from audio - which will be harder than simply identifying the existence of gunfire - is going to be very difficult.