Kernel is very interesting. It has fexpr-like combiners (operatives) which implicitly receive a reference to the dynamic environment of their caller. The environments are first-class and modelled as a DAG, with the local bindings in the root node with a list of other parent environments. The list of parents, and any bindings in the parent environments cannot be modified, but only the local bindings can. This puts constrains the operatives a bit - they can't just mutate anything in the dynamic environment, but only the local bindings of an environment for which they have a direct reference.

Additionally, Kernel has dynamic binding built-in, and done in a nice way. You never explicitly access a dynamic variable but you only have an accessor function to it. A new scope is created when binding a dynamic variable, and the accessor will return whatever was bound anywhere in the dynamic extent of this scope.

    ($define! (with-str get-str) (make-keyed-dynamic-variable))

    ($define! f
        ($lambda ()
            (print (get-str))))

    (with-str "Hello, world!"
        ($lambda ()
            (f)
            (with-str "Goodbye, world!" f)
            (f)))

Prints "Hello, world!" "Goodbye, world!" "Hello, world!"

Perhaps the only downside to this is that a runtime error will be raised if `get-str` is called before a value is bound. I think it would be a bit nicer to include a default binding as an argument to the call of `make-keyed-dynamic-variable`.

http://web.cs.wpi.edu/%7Ejshutt/kernel.html

Like Common Lisp? You get dynamic scope through what it terms "special variables". They work as expected, and can be handy.

Lisps often have dynamic scoping. elisp used to only have dynamic scoping.

if I understand what you mean, elisp has dynamic scope. that's turned out to be useful to me a couple times...balanced against the hundreds of times that it did something I didn't want.

You can opt into lexical scope for a script by starting it with:

  ;; -*- mode: Emacs-Lisp; lexical-binding: t; -*-

You can then opt into dynamic scope for single variables, when it makes sense:

  (defvar variable)

Perl has dynamic scoping (along with lexical scoping).