That one is "just" a French accent on English words? and relatively few unique ones at that. probably wouldn't be hard to train or just brute force the most frequent number and duration words.
Seemingly, assuming there are 10 + 6 combinations (1-10, seconds/minutes/hours/days/weeks/months), it'd probably be less than 250 words and you could use Fiverr to get some native French speaker who knows English (and applies a heavy accent) to do it for you, for less than 10 EUR
I think seconds and minutes are too short, right? The idea is that some significant time elapsed I think. Unless the context is some normally very short event, those are too short to be useful.
You would need more than just ten -- you wouldn't want it to read digits, you would probably prefer 'sixteen hours later' over 'one-six hours later'.
It was a long while ago I last watched SpongeBob but I seem to remember that some of the timecards were comically short, like "2 seconds later", hence I included that. But I might be wrong.