I think you are looking for a book which covers details of all the "Hardware Appliances/Software Components" which live in a network serving "Web based Applications". I don't know of any one book which will cover everything but you might find the following useful.
* An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking: ATM Networks, the Internet, and the Telephone Network by S. Keshav - This is a great text on fundamentals of Networking. Nothing to do with the "Web" but everything to do with what underpins it.
* Web Protocols and Practice: HTTP/1.1, Networking Protocols, Caching, and Traffic Measurement by Krishnamurthy and Rexford - Best book i have seen yet which explains the interplay between HTTP and the underlying TCP/IP protocol suite.
* Load Balancing Servers, Firewalls, and Caches by Kopparapu.
* An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking: ATM Networks, the Internet, and the Telephone Network by S. Keshav - This is a great text on fundamentals of Networking. Nothing to do with the "Web" but everything to do with what underpins it.
* Web Protocols and Practice: HTTP/1.1, Networking Protocols, Caching, and Traffic Measurement by Krishnamurthy and Rexford - Best book i have seen yet which explains the interplay between HTTP and the underlying TCP/IP protocol suite.
* Load Balancing Servers, Firewalls, and Caches by Kopparapu.