Hopefully data:image/ still works for favicons. Embedding a highly compressible ~450 byte string in HTML is faster than issuing a new request, under most instances.
It does, not sure why you would think it doesn't? I do know chrome gets annoying about them, always requesting a sites favicon even when it doesn't have one listed in the document.
I haven’t seen them in the UI while I remember them being shown quite prominently. I wouldn’t really expect them to be used only for sites added to favorites because that’s a privacy issue.