It's been a long time since I last saw one, I don't even know if they're still being made, but I recall the case being milled out of a chunk of magnesium alloy.
They're made out of magnesium and are multi-part. The trick is they make the internals somewhat waterproof (at least water passes through quickly) and suspend the entire mobo on rubber shocks.
Errm, not really, there was at least the Panasonic toughbook and lots of other ruggedized laptops before it.