Note that a lot of hobbyists use 'Eagle' which is free(ish) as in beer. Profession tools are $$$, though Altium offers http://circuitmaker.com/ (which I can not speak for).
And then there are the various subcategories: low level precision analog, high power motors and switchgear, basic digital and microcontrollers, high speed processors, etc... you're asking a wide open question.
Even Manufacturing is not a simple question to answer unless given some direction. You want to make a first PC board in your bathroom, or build complex electromechanical assemblies?
Thank you. To narrow down the scope. Something like the raspberry pi is what I have in mind. I want to lear for example how to read and understand a hardware board design.
There's some demand for niche accessory boards for the RPi. Relatively easy to design, too - get a basic copy of Eagle or KiCAD.
I don't know if any single tutorial is going to give you what you want. I'd just dive right in, figure out what you want to do with your board, select some parts at Digikey, and start designing. Google questions as they come up.
That's really what electronics magazines are for! Elektor still exists, but old issues can be even more valuable to get a feel for circuits. This resource should keep you occupied for some time: https://archive.org/details/radioelectronicsmagazine
* http://makezine.com/projects/make-36-boards/make-your-own-dm...
* https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/using-eagle-schematic
* https://learn.adafruit.com/boarduino-kits/overview
It's also good to know the lower level concepts of directly programming an AVR:
* http://hackaday.com/2010/10/23/avr-programming-introduction/
* http://highlowtech.org/?p=1695