Native Docker support in Windows will be available in the next Windows server release, and is already available in the Windows technical preview bits (since TP4).
To be clear, Windows containers allow you to run containers that contain Windows executables under Windows. mwcampbell is talking about running containers that contain Linux executables on Windows.
I guess the only thing that would prevent this from working is having the linux subsystem available on the host (and of course support for all the syscalls being made).
Native Docker support in Windows will be available in the next Windows server release, and is already available in the Windows technical preview bits (since TP4).