Most of them are related to how and when your stocks are vested.
Most companies never IPO and get to a point where you can sell your stocks on secondary markets. So vesting period and terms of it are important.
For example - if you dont have accelerated vesting, you end up getting nothing when the company is acquired even at a good valuation. Depends on terms of acquisition as well and what happens to employee stock pool when acquisition happens.
I buy Vanguard ETFs and many other index funds (that Vanguard doesn't offer) on Robinhood. The user interface is 100x better, and why wouldn't I want to keep it all in 1 place? They just need an IRA product and most people would be set.
Why isn't "the user interface is 100X better" enough of a justification?
I'm not a Robinhood user, but I use simple.com as a bank. It's like every other bank in that it holds money. If anything it's somewhat less convenient than banks with physical branches. But the online UX is so vastly superior to every other bank I've used (large sample size) that I'm a rabid fan.
Oh, I didn't want to address that because I wasn't sure if the person above was generically referring to all ETFs and ETNs as "index funds", when I was specifically responding to someone who was suggesting that they were using Robinhood for buy-and-hold index investing, buying things like S&P 500 etfs (eg. SPY, VOO, IVV). I was trying to think of what investment-quality ETFs Vanguard might not offer. Leveraged ETNs (TQQQ, DRIP, SPXS, etc.), commodity futures ETNs, and volatility products (e.g. SVXY) may not be offered by Vanguard (I'm not sure, actually), but these products are !!!not!!! buy-and-hold investments which, again, was what I was responding to.
[Anecdotally, someone on r/tradexiv or r/tradevol or somewhere on Reddit had a post about their Vanguard advisor cautioning them about buying XIV earlier in the year, telling them, more or less, "you're either exposing yourself to a lot of risk, or you're too smart to be trading with Vanguard" ...... he was not, it turned out, too smart.]
My claim was that RH should not be where you have money that you use for long-term buy-and-hold investment, even outside of an IRA. I think using RH for speculative investment is fine(-ish) if you accept that their order execution is poor (you don't really see this until you get into options), the company has severe product issues (e.g. the options order error the other day causing them to halt all options trading), and the company is not very well established (so there is a non-zero, greater than average, default risk).
I think it's undeniable that RH's UI is prettier than most other brokers. However, I think it's obvious that "prettier" and "better" are not necessarily the same thing. Again, if you are a buy-and-hold investor (which, again, is what I was responding to), being able to make a quick trade is not important, since you should probably only rebalance your portfolio once a quarter (maybe monthly or biannually, depending on your level of engagement).
But specifically, RH's UI is deliberately minimalistic, to a degree that I think is starting to verge on dangerous. They only recently moved from spark lines to offering optional OHLC bars, and their charts have no axes, which makes it difficult to get a sense of the products price movements. RH doesn't show you historical OHLC data, or historical dividends (just yield). The app offers no stock screening. The charts offer no volume analysis, which makes it difficult to see whether or not you'll be able to exit a position. My mom (who thankfully understands that she should only put money she's willing to lose into RH) recently told me she entered into a position with some low-volume real estate company, and couldn't exit the position for some days due to lack of buyers. She was unaware of the liquidity of the product she was trading (and complained that RH should have warned her... but that's another story).
Even worse is their options platform. At minimum, it's useful to show the days-to-expiration when selecting the expiration date. The options platform deliberately hides important information, such as implied volatility (probably the most important figure for an options contract), Black-Scholes greeks, volume and open interest, and a probability of profit estimate, behind an unlabeled corner button after you've selected an option to purchase. RH introduced multi-leg orders over the summer, but these still don't really give you the tools you need to construct strategies like spreads, calendars, straddles, strangles, condors, and butterflies. These are fairly complex trades with non-linear responses to spot and volatility changes, but RH won't even show you your net position delta before placing a trade (it will show it to you after you've entered a position). If you want to see what a real options trading platform looks like, you can demo ThinkorSwim or Tastyworks. Yes, it's more complicated, but that's because it's necessary.
So no, I disagree with the claim that RH's UI is "100x better". I think it's UI is maybe "50x prettier", but I don't think it's "better" for the user (and I've seen some wretched UIs, like Ameritas). In options trading, I think that RH's interface is objectively worse than those offered by other platform. Unlike checking and savings, which are generally regarded as low-risk activities, I think that RH's UI is deliberately designed to encourage risky behavior, and minimize "information overload" (in favor of "blissful ignorance") in what is inherently a risky activity for which most customers are not adequately prepared, under the thin guise of "democratization" (hence its beeline from stock investing (risky) to stock investing on margin (riskier) to cryptocurrency meme investing (extremely risky, and launched during peak bubble) to options trading (extinction-level-event risky for novices)).
> I wasn't sure if the person above was generically referring to all ETFs and ETNs as "index funds", when I was specifically responding to someone who was suggesting that they were using Robinhood for buy-and-hold index investing, buying things like S&P 500 etfs (eg. SPY, VOO, IVV).
Specifically, I have a boring investment strategy of SP500 and AGG. I'm just seeking the lowest cost means of investing in those two indices. When I opened the brokerage account RH was mostly top of mind. Things have gotten more competitive lately, with Fidelity's 0 expense ratio funds and maybe I should look at Vanguard more carefully. Although 'Vanguard is more established' isn't particularly resonant personally, so to my mind they seem relatively equivalent.
I completely recognize that RH's platform enables a lot of unsophisticated traders to make unwise trades, and leaves sophisticated traders wanting.
You've convinced me of your point, but I only understood about 25% of what you said. How can I get more educated on this subject? I'm not really interested in actually executing any of these strategies you mentioned, just learning about them.
The extent of my knowledge just comes from reading /r/wallstreetbets for entertainment, while doing passive index fund investing for personal finance.
I'm far from an expert. I don't trade professionally (i.e. I don't derive my income from it), and I'm a chemical engineer by day.
I think the best resource for anyone starting out investing would be "A Random Walk Down Wall Street" (Burton Malkiel), and maybe "The Intelligent Investor" (Benjamin Graham), even if you don't intend to be a traditional value investor. I think these books (I'll admit I haven't read all of The Intelligent Investor) set your expectations. I also listen to Masters in Business, Odd Lots, and P&L podcasts by Bloomberg (P&L is more short-term, while MiB and Odd Lots are more generally applicable). Both of those books might be floating around the internet.
I also really enjoyed "The Physics of Wall Street" (James Weatherfall). It's a look into how financial mathematics got started and how it has grown and been increasingly applied in modern finance.
If you're interested in options and other derivatives (I find derivatives to be the most interesting, and least arbitrary, financial product), I'd start with John Hull's "Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives", which is a textbook at maybe the sophomore or junior level. I hear the PDF is freely circulated online. I think understanding how options and futures work is essential for understanding finance. A slightly more technical text, "Dynamic Hedging" (Nassim Nicholas Taleb) is also good (and maybe also available online somewhere...). It is less philosophical and polemic than his other books, but doesn't resist calling you an idiot either, as is Taleb's style.
You might also find work on non-ergodicity (Ole Peters), the Kelly criterion, universal portfolios (Thomas Cover, 1991), and Ed Thorpe (a mathematician who derived a precursor to the famous Black-Scholes model) of interest (Ed Thorpe is an incredibly interesting person in his own right). If you find yourself wanting to get into technical analysis, I'd recommend "Evidence-Based Technical Analysis" by David Arons (a spoiler: the evidence is not good). If you're interested in ML applied to trading, I keep seeing references to Advances in Financial Machine Learning (Marcos Lopez de Prado), although I haven't actually read it.
Regarding other financial products, CME has a large number of resources available for understanding futures trading, although futures are generally too high value for regular traders to use safely (the highly liquid /ES contract controls ~$130,000 exposed to the S&P500 and allows one to take about 22x margin, or even as high as 250x for intraday trading). Similarly, there are some nice introductions to the forex market, but again I'd caution you to stay away. And as much as I'd similarly caution you about blindly following their advice (and in general about being a "volatility seller"[1,2] -- see Taleb's book), TastyTrade produces a ton of videos on options trading (particularly retail options trading), which include the mechanics of options trading and how their trading platform works (which is similar to TD's platform -- the CEO/Founder, Sosnoff, was involved in the development of it when he was at TD). You can download TD's ThinkorSwim and paper trade options, or just "preview" their application with delayed prices and see how options work.
Finally, rather than r/wallstreetbets (which is now 99% low quality memes and loss porn), I'd recommend checking out r/options and r/thewallstreet, which are more professional forums, and potentially forums such as EliteTrader and Nuclear Phynance as well.
Pro-founder does not mean they drop all standards and expectations. I'm not familiar with their entire portfolio, but using the Zenefits case (where the founder is accused of fraud) is a poor argument to support your claim that they are not pro-founder.
I'm not saying they are or aren't profounder. I just think Zenefits is not a good example to use to make sweeping accusations about the firm.
You can be pro-founder and still toss frauds out of office. This is a spectrum and a16z appears to be more founder friendly than 90s era VCs who were more likely to be ex-bankers and quicker to replace founders.
The more genuine way to phrase this would've been something like "Your solution: use different keys for moving away from a form and erasing data", which sounds a lot more reasonable
No, in context "Napster moment" is used to describe the effect on the industry, especially when the revenues are moving. Even though Vanguard and ETFs have been around, no one paid attention to them for decades.
No, you're drastically overestimating. Try working in a Best Buy. Everything you just put together with logic is not a safe assumption to make about the average user.
