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In the Will traditional software survive? section the author describes "Boutique-sofware" as the low-value high-cost software [1]. However, the examples in the following paragraphs are quite contrary to that statement.

- Tailored suit: This is a high-cost and high-value thing. Both quality and fit are much better than fast-fashion.

In the similar sense, maybe LLMs will produce the frameworks or libraries in the future. Akin to the "fabric" used by the tailors. But at the end, craftsmen or women are the ones architecting and stitching these together.

Verbatim [1]:

    > Will traditional software survive?
    > Ultraprocessed foods are, of course, not the only game in town. There is a thriving and growing demand for healthy, sustainable production of foodstuffs, largely in response to the harmful effects of industrialisation. Is it possible that software might also resist mechanisation through the growth of an “organic software” movement? If we look at other sectors, we see that even those with the highest levels of industrialisation also still benefit from small-scale, human-led production as part of the spectrum of output.
    > For example, prior to industrialisation, clothing was largely produced by specialised artisans, often coordinated through guilds and manual labour, with resources gathered locally, and the expertise for creating durable fabrics accumulated over years, and frequently passed down in family lines. Industrialisation changed that completely, with raw materials being shipped intercontinentally, fabrics mass produced in factories, clothes assembled by machinery, all leading to today’s world of fast, disposable, exploitative fashion. And yet handcrafted clothes still exist: from tailored suits to knitted scarves, a place still exists for small-scale, slow production of textile goods, for reasons ranging from customisation of fit, signalling of wealth, durability of product, up to enjoyment of the craft as a pastime.

I wonder if microsoft executives and product managers are using windows at all? It seems like tables have turned, they saw half baked apple implementation(s) on macOS and decided to clone these.

Amazon already has not been paying any sort of income tax to the EU. There was a lawsuit in Belgium but Amazon has won that in late-2024 since they had a separate agreement in/with Luxembourg.

Speaking for EU, all big tech already not paying taxes one way or another, either using Dublin/Ireland (Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, ...) and Luxembourg (Amazon & Microsoft as far as I can tell) to avoid such corporate/income taxes. Simply possible because all the earnings go back to the U.S. entity in terms of "IP rights".


The EU doesnt collect income/corporate tax, the individual countries do.

These big corps use holdings in low tax jurisdisctions like Ireland and Luxemburg, funnel all their EU subsidiaries’ revenues there and end up paying 0 tax in the individual EU countries.

This system is actually legal, EU lawmakers should pass laws to prevent this.


> EU lawmakers should pass laws to prevent this.

So EU lawmakers should determine the amount member countries collect in tax?


No, but EU should somehow mandate products and services that are built within EU and used within EU or elsewhere, should receive the benefit(s) in terms of taxation.

To give an (absurd) example; You work in country X, but the parent company is in country Y. Imagine your income tax is not going to where you reside but where you work, (usually the opposite) in this case, country Y. (~20-40% of the gross salary).

One day, your basic needs (electricity, water, etc) stops working. You call the relevant government department asking what's the problem. They reply with saying they do not know and cannot afford to figure our or fix because they do not have the money to do so.

But you've been paying at least 20% (and up to 46%) of your salary as the income tax. Where the money go? Why do you work here but someone else in the other side of the world getting that slice for free?


No, actually the EU cant force this, you are of course right.

The countries like Ireland and Luxembourg need to stop granting these loopholes.


And let us not forget the millions and billions the global IT corporations pay in the EU in form of social security taxes, income taxes, the jobs they create, and the further millions and billions in the form of purchases from local delivery companies, consultants, DC vendors, office suppliers, taxi companies, delivery companies, food and catering and all the other local EU-based companies who benefit from having these giants walking among us.

If that's a substitute for corporate taxes, why even have them at all, instead of there needing to be schemes so specific that they have their own Wikipedia articles to describe them [1]? Either you think that corporate taxes should exist, and therefore companies shouldn't just get to opt out of them based on whether they can make a claim to benefiting the economy via trickling down, or you don't, in which case you might as well just state that directly.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Sandwich?wprov=sfla1


Those taxes are paid by the individuals, not by the companies.

And the decision how to distribute these (corporate tax) should be done by the government. Essentially, companies evading [corporate] tax decides themselves where to distribute that money. Obviously, they make decisions that drives more profits and income, not the public good. Even if it improves living conditions (ie. delivery service would help elderly), it still requires that person to be user of the product. A layman/citizen cannot effectively utilize the benefits.


A small price to pay for having your democracy subverted by hostile propaganda distributed through social media, your politicians influenced by lobbying, and your smaller businesses killed by giant corporate oligopolies.

I don't really understand this perspective.

What should be taxed?

Amazon, as an example, has servers in country X. Country X taxes the transaction or the income from the server company.

Amazon pays delivery drivers in country X to deliver goods, and the driver is taxed through various means (vehicle, fuel, payroll, etc).

What is Amazon doing in country X that should be taxed?


Let me explain in-depth;

    > What should be taxed?
Profits of the company, like all other (local) companies do.

    > Amazon, as an example, has servers in country X. Country X taxes the transaction or the income from the server company.
Amazon has servers in Germany, Germany is unable to tax the transaction or income from Amazon, because;

1. The user completes a transaction either on Amazon (buying a product) or in AWS (running an EC2 instance)

2. If the user is a business, there is no VAT. Because VAT is applied only to the end user. (To prevent compounding effect also). If it was the end-user, then end-user already pays for their VAT, usually around 18-20% in the case of an EC2 instance. But that has nothing to do with Amazon. User technically pays the VAT directly to the government depending on where he/she is located and where the server is.

3. Obviously Amazon does not sell the products or servers for free, they have a markup or profit margin, let's say 40% for a 100eur EC2 instance. So, 40eur lands into Amazon's bank account. While other 60eur goes to the operating expenses. (ie. Electricity, maintenance, employees' salaries, etc...)

4. In this case, Amazon should be taxed from that 40%, (ie. from the 40eur profit). Luxembourg corporate tax is about ~16-17%. Mind that US federal corporate tax is 21% itself. For the sake of simplicity, let's take 20% as the corporate tax. This would make 8eur going into the government's pocket. while 32eur stays as the profit with amazon.

5. All other companies provide the same service and has no magical entity outside pays that ~8eur to the government. Which in turn used to provide services to the citizens. (For example, Luxembourg has completely free public transportation that works 24/7, subsidized by the taxes)

6. However, Amazon having a magical entity, they declare all that 40eur profit belongs to the US entity due to the IP rights. They essentially say 100% of the things that are produced in Luxembourg, by employees in Luxembourg even owned by the US entity. Therefore, they do not pay any income tax as in fact there is no income on paper.

7. Instead, since they were able to save that 8eur, they can reduce the prices of the services up to that amount. But instead, Amazon usually reduces prices about half, reducing 4eur for customers and other 4eur going into Amazon's profit pocket.

8. It all seems nice so far, since users also benefit from reduced prices, right? Unfortunately, no. In the longer term, it hurts competition as other companies must pay taxes and losing the customers [to Amazon].

9. When there is no competition left, then Amazon can just start syphoning all the 8eur profit back to themselves. Even setting the prices as there is no longer any alternative to go.

10. Not only it hurts customers, it also hurts the random person on the street; as they receive services from government which were subsidized by the taxes. You may say that Amazon can or may invest even better products or services, but that's again not helping the layman unless he/she is an Amazon customer. And mind that a citizen does not need to be Amazon customer to get their electricity and water running.

    > Amazon pays delivery drivers in country X to deliver goods, and the driver is taxed through various means (vehicle, fuel, payroll, etc).
Similar to the above, Amazon does not pay VAT or any other service taxes for any of the services they provide. But the driver does! It is even worse for the driver when he/she uses Amazon because on the net balance sheet, the driver pays income tax from his/her salary. Pays VAT for the services they receive. If he/she receives 1000eur salary at the end of the month, they can use at most about ~60% of their salary to receive goods and services. (~20% income tax + ~20% VAT). Hence, there is a corporate tax that balance these scenarios. But evading it causes more harm than good in the long run.

    > What is Amazon doing in country X that should be taxed?
All the profits (earnings, surpluses) they receive should be taxed.

You can say amazon doesn't pay VAT but it's just as honest as saying Americans don't pay for tariffs

The consumer pays a certain price for a product and a portion of that money goes to taxes and costs to Amazon (including things that are taxed, like driver salaries and fuel). Those taxes are collected on the way from Amazon to the end user in every country they pass through, more or less.

Amazon is creating commerce that is taxed. They aren't skating by for free.


> What is Amazon doing in country X that should be taxed?

its profits within that country (income minus actual expenses)

in practice expenses are fakely inflated to transfer tax payments top jurisdiction with near-zero taxes


How can profit be calculated if a significant component of expenses is intellectual property and brand awareness which was paid for somewhere else?

Amazon can add up the costs to install and operate a datacenter or warehouse in country X, but most of the demand for services from that datacenter or warehouse will be due to expenses incurred in country Y.


> Amazon already has not been paying any sort of income tax to the EU.

That should be expected, because

https://european-union.europa.eu/priorities-and-actions/acti...

> The EU does not have a direct role in collecting taxes or setting tax rates.

> There was a lawsuit in Belgium but Amazon has won that in late-2024 since they had a separate agreement in/with Luxembourg.

Dec 2023.

> Speaking for EU, all big tech already not paying taxes one way or another, either using Dublin/Ireland (Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, ...) and Luxembourg (Amazon & Microsoft as far as I can tell) to avoid such corporate/income taxes. Simply possible because all the earnings go back to the U.S. entity in terms of "IP rights".

Ireland (due to pressure from EU) closed this in 2020. The amount of tax collected by Ireland quadrupled. See Figure 5 and 6 in link below.

https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2024/10/14/the-...


> any sort of income tax to the EU.

Its clear that OP means "in the EU".

> Ireland (due to pressure from EU) closed this in 2020. The amount of tax collected by Ireland quadrupled. See Figure 5 and 6 in link below.

And Ireland fought against this tooth and nail. Yes, a country was fighting to have less income. All out of fear that the companies will leave the little tax heaven. Did they leave? No ...

> See Figure 5 and 6 in link below.

Figure 7 is also interesting if we look at the tax income increase and the outbound.


I find it funny because;

1. Amazon reports 250bn$+ revenue for entire EU in 2025. (of course, revenue != profit) while all 250bn$+ evaporates to somewhere. Their own page [1] reports 225k employees across EU, meaning that each employee returns whopping 1 million plus dollars! While being compensated less than 10% of their value!

2. In their own article [1], they boast how they invested (translated; smuggled money out) and enabled SMEs 20bn$+ revenue. (Like seriously, less than 10%?! actually goes back into the economy...)

3. Amazon says that they have invested 250bn$ in EU since 2010. It is completely unknown what or where that was invested. I do not see my street lightning being improved by the Amazon's investment or garbage being collected better.

4. Luxembourg's GDP is ~95bn$ in 2025. Amazon has contributed to that with the 0$ corporate tax. Obviously they employed about 4.5k people which they've decided to let go about 10% of them. Where the median/average yearly gross salary stands somewhere around 80k eur, it is hardly anywhere near 1mm+$ total income. I am guessing that they heat up the offices with burning the remaining cash...

[1]: https://www.aboutamazon.eu/news/job-creation-and-investment/...

For the date of the verdict for Amazon vs EU, apologies. The article date was November 2024 in the source [2].

[2]: https://www.techtimes.com/articles/308509/20241129/amazons-2...

For the Ireland, I only knew similarities between Luxembourg and specific laws allowing such loopholes pre-brexit period. The source is certainly interesting and I need to dive deeper to understand better.


2 cents from me

1. "it's not available in your country yet" -- although I am currently in (and connected to) Czech republic train, my account is based on Luxembourg. Not sure which one takes precedence, but sad to see...

2. Join Discord -- Unexpected to see this from a Google product. More interestingly, do they really have people/staff there? Or is it just bunch of AI Agents running the discord server, not sure. (Haven't joined either)


The list of countries where its available is here: https://developers.google.com/opal/faq

Not a single EU country, so, yes.


It's been available in Vietnam for around 2 weeks now. So maybe it's a privacy thing in the EU?

Honestly though you're not missing much, it doesn't feel revolutionary.

> Join Discord -- Unexpected to see this from a Google product

I did a trial of Gemini Enterprise last month - a product absolutely not ready to be released - and they use Slack which also surprised me. So maybe internal teams at Google are allowed to choose their own messaging platform?


Slack is expected as Kubernetes/Cloud-Native/CNCF already used Slack. They also had extensive set of bots and integrations, including GitHub workflows too.

TIL, Google Labs use discord :)


Just short of 300k members on discord (almost 17k online) at the time of writing this. It's their Google Labs discord.

came here to say the main trick has also been possible for C and Java. The C version has already been pointed out in sibling comments, while Java one requires more "tricks" in terms of bash substitution.

I remember I built a such java "interpreter" during my first year of university (10+ years ago! time flies fast...) because the initial intro/101 courses always had one-off programs and the main language was java.

although I no longer have the original source(s) it was something like

///usr/bin/env javac $0 && java ${0%%.java}; exit; # /

since it's quite simple, I even had a funny named wrapper called "java-script" (pun intended) in my $PATH so that I could just write

//usr/bin/env java-script # /

at the top. As you can see I already confused fellow students with the great naming scheme I used :)


There is a talk called "Java for Small Coding Tasks" by the author of Core Java: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04wFgshWMdA

Apparently, this is the way to do it:

    ///usr/bin/env java --source 25 "$0" "$@" ; exit $?
I don't do Java. As one comment on the video said, 'This presentation is the epitome of the old saying: "When your only tool is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail"'

If they built the kernel directly from tree, just pointing out the correct https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/lin... should be enough...

Since a company building it themselves hasn't gotten it in the form of a binary from someone else that they're just passing along to you and their use is commercial, they don't satisfy either condition of GPLv2 3(c), but they'd need to satisfy both in order to be able to exercise that option.

This is going to be one of the most upvoted submissions on HN

I have 2 better ideas;

1. Start charging money for/of deprecated APIs. Just like Oracle did it with Java 8.

- OR -

2. Add a timestamp-based RuntimeException to the very same code-path. If the date is greater than (>) the deprecation date, simply throw RuntimeException. for 100% of the requests, all the time.

Yes, it will page someone, and yes, it will get fixed immediately!


The post is a sarcasm, see the below.


Love this idea, as it is already implemented in a $FAANG company tool. (used company wide by 80k+ SDEs). I got used to seeing these in the logs and terminal. So much that my brain now automatically ignores it from my view/seeing like it does for my nose.


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