You can't compare Iran with north Korea. Iran funds and supports terrorism all over the middle east. They regularly call for the destruction of Israel. If Iran wasn't ruled by aggressive violent religious fanatics it wouldn't be in danger.
North Korea didn't fund terrorism. North Korea isn't an aggressor. You cannot compare them at all.
Israel and the US were monitoring Iran nuclear development and Iran knew that. They wouldn't allow Iran to rush to nuclear without striking them first, like it had happened.
If you're a dictator and you want to learn the lesson from Iran, it isn't to get nuclear weapons. It's too not call for the destruction of Israel and the US and to not fund terrorism.
There's no murder of two million. There's at most, according to Hamas itself, 60,000 dead out of which 10,000 were hamas militants.
This is a regular ugly war.
If Israel wanted to kill two million, they could've done it already.
It seemingly doesn't matter how accurate Israel tried to be, they call genocide either way.
You may want to distance yourself from a defense of israel. This is not what you think it is; within a year a very large percentage of gazans will be dead, a very significant majority of all their children. They are starving now with water withheld. You can kill a large number very quickly if you withhold water.
That's where we are. Israel's actions have becoming increasingly genocidal as they have ratched up the "genocidal escalation ladder" with impunity. They had been afraid that someone would step in, but none have.
There's now no way of reversing at least 20% of the population dying, it's really just a question of whether they can finish them off, at least as a peoples with a need and claim to that land. If they can be whittled down to a small fraction of their original population, they can then be ethnically cleansed.
I'd imagine that has been the plan now for at least a year, or at least, most of this one.
> within a year a very large percentage of gazans will be dead, a very significant majority of all their children. They are starving now with water withheld.
I appreciate that you're making a prediction. We can check back in a year and see the population levels compared to today.
That's bullshit. There's plenty of water in Gaza, as well as food. They get external aid all the time. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pGTMN9mgKcc Plenty of open restaurants in Gaza.
Even according to Hamas only 200 died out of starvation, and that number is disputed as well.
This is all Hamas propaganda that everyone believes.
There's an interview with a UNICEF worker on the ground there which you can watch, he even mentions when the restaurants reopened during the cease-fire
No. The Hamas death toll figures are just the identified dead. They don't include people buried under rubble or who died from secondary effects (health system collapse, starvation, disease). Plenty of sources think the deaths are in the hundreds of thousands.
Even according to Hamas own numbers, 60,000 Palestinians died, 200 from starvation. That's very low compared to real genocides. That's very low considering Israel killed an estimated 10,000 of Hamas soldiers. That's pretty good accuracy in all modern standards of war.
A 1:6 ratio for civilian deaths is not a good civilian casualty ratio by the standards of modern warfare. Russia in Ukraine is currently achieving a rate of about 1:3, and that's a country that's currently considered rather brutal as far as civilian casualty rates go. The US in the Iraq War managed urban operations with kill ratios better than 1:1.
Have you seen how small and remote the villages are where Russia and Ukraine are fighting? Gaza is one of the most densely populated areas on earth and the fighters are not wearing uniforms and are directly embedded in civilian population centers.
According to Wikipedia between 25 and 33 thousand Bosnians and Croats were killed in the Bosnian genocide. Thus your argument doesn't hold, unless you contend that there was no genocide in Bosnia either.
Isn't that just same old "skill issue", "No True C(++) programmer" refrain?
If people could keep entirety of J.2 appendix in their mind at all time we would not have these issues. And if they had entirety of J appendix in mind all C code would be portable.
Or if people just always ran -Wall -Wpedantic -Wall_for_real_this_time -fsanitize=thread,memory,address,leaks,prayers,hopes,dreams,eldritch_beings,elder_gods -fno-omit-frame-pointer
I mean if this was all it took then C and C++ programs would be as safe as Rust. Which is not what we see in practice. And it's not like C programmers are an average web dev. It's a relatively niche and well versed community.
First of all, kruskal coordinates show beyond doubt that the event horizon is just a regular null hypersurface that the observer wouldn't notice crossing locally. (Of course if you look around, at the moment of crossing into the event horizon you see everything else that was falling into it unfreeze and continue crossing).
If you want to take into account the evaporation of the black hole, then you should look at something like the vaidya metric. The mass function is a function of the ingoing Eddington coordinate v, which takes on a specific value when you cross the event horizon, and so you observe the black hole at a specific mass as you cross the event horizon. Contradicting your layman understanding of time dilation for the observer relative to the black hole.
Once you cross the horizon, the r coordinate becomes timelike, and so you are forced to move to decreasing r value just like a regular observer is forced to move to increasing t value. Your entire future, all your future light cone is within the black hole and it all terminates at the singularity. Minewhile, the t coordinate is space like which is what gives you space like separation from the mess that had happened in the original gravitational collapse. You wouldn't be blasted by a frozen supernova like you have said.
You can kind of say the universe splits at the event horizon, the time like coordinate changes from t to r and the future of the black hole branch of the universe is permanently cut off from the rest of the universe.
In rotating and charged black holes it is different, and you observe the evaporation of the black hole once you cross the Cauchy horizon. If the black hole is eternal (because someone kept feeding radiation to the black hole, maybe by reflecting the hawking radiation inwards), then you would in fact see timelike infinity as you reach the Cauchy horizon, so this time like infinity is quite physical. You would need to avoid being vaporized by blue shifted incoming radiation.
The ordinary Schwarzschild metric diagram in that article makes it crystal clear that in-falling observers asymptotically approach the horizon, but never cross it.
Read the next section as well, which uses the "Tortoise coordinate"... which again uses the mathematical infinity to allow the horizon to be crossed.
I really don't understand why people keep arguing about this!
If you find yourself writing an infinity symbol, you've failed at physics. Stop, go back, rethink your mathematics.
You can choose stupid coordinates that introduce a singularity wherever you like, in GM or in classical mechanics just the same. The coordinates have no meaning.
> Of course if you look around, at the moment of crossing into the event horizon you see everything else that was falling into it unfreeze and continue crossing).
Is that so? Isn't that a continuous effect? Things falling into the black hole appear to be frozen at the event horizon only for an observer at infinity.
Before invoking parallel universes, how about comparing the system to nature's mind-boggling number of particles in the macroscopic world?
A single gram contains 10^23=2^76 particles. Google's random circuit sampling experiment used only 67 qubits, Which is still order of magnitude below 76. I wonder why, the chip had 105 qubits and the error correction experiment used 101 qubits.
Did Google's experiment encounter problems when trying to run RCS on the full 105 qubits device?
Before saying that the computation invoked parallel universes, first I'd like to see that the computation couldn't be explained by the state being encoded classically by the state of the particles in the system.
Somehow the universe knows how to organise the sand in an egg timer to form an orderly pile. Simulating that with a classical computer seems impossible - yet the universe "computes" the correct result in real time. It feels like there is a huge gap between what actually happens and what can be done with a computer (even a quantum one).
It's a good questiopn why that is so. But I wouldn't draw from that the conclusion that Universe somehow "calculates Pi", and then puts it in all the forces it "has" so it turns out in our formulas. That is rather fantastical way of thinking and I do see its poetic appeal. A bit like "God doesn't play dice, or does he?"
What is calculation anyway we may ask. Isn't it just term-rewriting?
Pi is just a description used for calculating perfectly/near-perfect spheres. A sphere is nature's building block, since every point on it's surface is the same distance from the centre.
> yet the universe "computes" the correct result in real time
Does it? In what sense the result is "correct"? It's not because it's perfectly regular, or unique, or predictable, or reproducible. So what's "correct" about it?
Completely out of my depth here, but maybe there is a difference between evolution of a physical system and useful computation: and maybe there's much less useful computation that can be extracted from a physical system than the entire amount of computation that would be theoretically needed to simulate it exactly. Maybe you can construct physical systems that perform vast, but measurable, amounts of computation, but you can extract only a fixed max amount of useful information from them?
And then you have this strange phenomenon: you build controlled systems that perform an enormous amount of deterministic, measurable computation, but you can't make them do any useful work...
It does seem to, and can anyone credibly say they aren't out of their depth in these waters? (the sandpile thing is not original, it dates back many years). Taking the idea that the "universe is a simulation" [0], what sort of computer (or other device) could it be running on? (and how could we tell we're living in a VM?)
From the same school of thought, to simulate the path of a single particle seems it should require a device comprised of more than a single particle. Therefore, if the universe is a simulation, the simulator must have more than the number of particles in the universe.
> Somehow the universe knows how to organise the sand in an egg timer to form an orderly pile. Simulating that with a classical computer seems impossible
Is it really?
There's only ~500,000 grains of sand in an egg timer.
I don't know anything here, but this seems like something that shouldn't be impossible.
Maybe it's not that hard to simulate, but let's start with looking at just two of the sand grains that happen to hit each other? They collide, how they rebound is all angles, internal structure, Young's modulus, they have electrostatic interactions, even the Van der Walls force come into play. Sand grains aren't regular, consider how determining the precise point at which two irregular objects collide is quite a challenge (and this isn't even a game, approximations to save compute time won't do what the real world does 'naturally').
So while we can - for something as simple and regular as an eggtimer - come up with some workable approximations, the approximation would surely fall short when it comes to the detail (an analytical solution for the path of every single grain).
A close approximation should arguably include collapses/slides, which happen spontaneously because the pile organises itself to a critical angle; then an incredibly small event can trigger a large slide of salt/sand/whatever/rocks (or whatever else the pile is made of). Even working out something like "What's the biggest and smallest slides that could occur given a pile of some particular substance?".
Every approximation will by definition deviate from what really happens - I suppose that's why we talk of "working approximations", i.e. they work well enough for a given purpose. So it probably comes down to what the approximation is being used for.
There is the idea that we are all living in a simulation; if so maybe if we look closely enough at the detail all the way from the universe to atoms then we'll start to see some fuzziness (well, of course there's quantum physics....).
When the output looks the same as the original we would say that the simulation was successful. That is how computer games do it. We're not asking for the exact position of each grain, just the general outline of the pile.
An image of something is likely to be the simplest model of that thing that happened, and it has A LOT less information than a 3D model of arbitrary resolution would have.
Simulation is never an "image". It may simulate each grain, just saying it doesn't need to simulate each precisely, because the law of large numbers kicks in.
This is the basis for example Monte Carlo simulation, it simulates real world with random numbers it generates.
Every video game engine is a simulation and many of them are a very simplified model of images of things happening instead of simulating the actual physics. Even "physics" in these engines is often just rendering an image.
The real issue is that the sand isn't orderly sorted. At a micro level, it's billions and trillions of individual interactions between atoms that create the emergent behavior of solid grains of sand packing reasonably tightly but not phasing through each other.
> I wonder why, the chip had 105 qubits and the error correction experiment used 101 qubits.
I wonder why, byte has 8 bits and the Hamming error correction code uses 7 bits.
oh right - that's because *the scheme* requires 3-7-15-... bits [0] and 7 is the largest that fits
Same with surface error correction - it's just the largest number in a list. No need for conspiracies. And no connection to manufacturing capabilities, which determine qubits on a single chip
You learn a lot by what isn't mentioned. Willow had 101 qubits in the quantum error correction experiment, yet only mere 67 qubits in the random circuit sampling experiment. Why did they not test random circuit sampling with the full set of qubits? Maybe when turning on the full 101 set of qubits, qubits fidelity dropped.
Remember macroscopic objects have 10^23=2^76 particles, so until 76 qubits are reached and exceeded, I remain skeptical that the quantum system actually exploits an exponential Hilbert space, instead of the state being classically encoded by the particles somehow. I bet Google is struggling just at this threshold and they don't announce it.
The universe is not inside a black hole. Inside black holes the radial coordinate is time like, which is definitely not true in our universe, where the time coordinate is timelike, and the radial coordinate is space like.
Inside of black holes looks nothing like ordinary spacetime. Inside black hole, everything in your future is with decreasing radial coordinate, which means space is shrinking until you hit the singularity where radial coordinate is zero and you have no future.
No, this depends on your choice of coordinate system - has been debunked N times on physics reddit in virtually every thread that it comes up. The EH itself is not a singularity in the observers reference frame as they cross it nor do they particularly notice when they do.
I never said EH is a singularity. I said you could notice you're inside as your timelike coordinate becomes the radial coordinate. That's something you could easily notice if you look around, it would correspond to a shrinking universe, and our universe is expanding.
The "you won't notice crossing the event horizon" troupe is true only in a very local sense. If you move around and observe the geometry around you, you can definitely tell you're inside a black hole.
As the black hole getting larger, it is more difficult to notice this difference (of crossing the event horizon or “observe the geometry around you”.) and as we are talking about the whole visible universe being inside a black hole, we are in this extreme large scale.
Also, I’m not sure why you’re arguing about the radial coordinate being time-like. You can only measure in your own local reference frame. You wouldn’t necessarily be able to transform between your own local reference frame to the blackhole’s if you don’t know you’re in one.
The fact that radial coordinate is timelike inside the event horizon doesn't change when you change coordinate systems. The radial direction remains timelike in kruskal coordinates. Direction being space like or time like is independent of coordinate system.
I think for this to be a complete explanation, it needs to be shown that what was "the time" coordinate is not expanding in some sense.
Does volume even make sense in GR?
Thought experiment here would be: suppose me and you appeared stationery (from the point of view of the outside reference frame) just above the horizon of a non-rotating black hole in the manner of Boltzmann brains. We immediately start falling and cross the horizon. Now will you see me receding from you or going at you? Will I be red-shifted or blue-shifted?
Love this game. I abused multiple tabs as a way to save the current game, as opening new tab copies the state of the game, and got to a high score of 150,000 (I could keep going, I didn't lose) and made a 4096 tile. Using multiple tabs to save the game when you get a good position makes it possible to play indefinitely. It's even more addictive when you can save the game because then it's not really over at game over.
North Korea didn't fund terrorism. North Korea isn't an aggressor. You cannot compare them at all.
Israel and the US were monitoring Iran nuclear development and Iran knew that. They wouldn't allow Iran to rush to nuclear without striking them first, like it had happened.
If you're a dictator and you want to learn the lesson from Iran, it isn't to get nuclear weapons. It's too not call for the destruction of Israel and the US and to not fund terrorism.
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