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That makes me wonder two things. Firstly, if your can use this to find LLM generated content, which I guess would need similar instructions. Imagine instructing it to talk like a pirate, it would be quite different from a generic response.

Secondly, if you want to make an alt account harder to cross-correlate with your main, would rewriting your comments with an LLM work against this method? And if so, how well?


This is exactly what has been playing out in the Netherlands the past couple of months: the weather institute (KNMI) released their own weather app that is functionally the same (in some cases superior) as the commercial apps that want your consent to track and serve ads.

The commercial parties sued KNMI, even though they use the public data provided by KNMI. Luckily they lost: https://www.dutchnews.nl/2025/02/knmi-weathers-legal-app-sto...

And as a bonus, there was some Streisand Effect when this was in the news, and people have been moving to the KNMI app in droves.


Even if something is well known, its important to measure it and set statistical limits. While the 4 sigma in the article is not enough to claim an observation, it opens the points towards some exciting new Beyond the Shearing Model physics.


AFAIK the EU law has to be implemented on a local level, and the countries' agencies can uphold in their respective country. Once a single country has a precedent, this can be used by other member states.

Correct me if I'm wrong.


Nope. 1) Not all of the "EU law" behaves the same way. There are legal acts of the EU that are directly applicable (like most provisions in regulations), there are even some provisions of the primary legislation (treaties) that can be applied directly (i.e. are binding and can be litigated). Of course, there are also legal acts that need implementation (like most provisions of directives). 2) EU law is upheld both by the EU Court of Justice (Luxembourg) and national courts, this depends on the cause of action you have. 3) An "agency" has a special meaning in the EU, that doesn't mean the same thing as a federal agency in the US (as a branch of the executive). There are instead EU institutions and national public bodies (whose exact nomenclature depends on local law) that may also have the task of upholding legislation. 4) No precedents are necessary or used at the EU level. Precedents are more a common law thing, they have an explicit binding nature for courts there. While there are common law countries (Cyprus, Ireland, Malta) with precedents, their precedents have no special place or role in how EU law works, there is no stare decisis how it works in common law. So, this is a national decision based on German national enforcement reviewed by a German court.


Precedent might have no place in EU law but there are plenty of places where precedent does matter in statute law even if the precedent is advisory rather than binding. There is quite definitely a doctrine of precedent in Norway, see for instance [1].

[1] https://www.scandinavianlaw.se/pdf/39-14.pdf


Norway is not a member of the EU. Yes, precedent can be used with different meanings, and many clueless ministries of justices in continental law countries tried to innovate by calling some measures they made as turning that country into partly based on precedents (usually to restrict the freedom of judges, like in Hungary - which clearly failed). But more importantly, there is a world of difference between precedents 1) having in practice some relevant legal effect in a jurisdiction (e.g. using them as arguments or just as interesting case law) or 2) in the sense that lower courts are bound by some decisions of upper courts in a country, and 3) having a worldwide legal system built around stare decisis that is actually working the same way for hundreds of year, and where decisions from, say London, are read by lawyers in NZ or Singapore because they may have as much legal force as an act of a parliament. It's not just a spectrum, it's a very different beast for practical purposes.


Norway is nonetheless part of the EU legislative system.

But my use of Norway was simply because it is familiar to me and shows that precedent is important in at least some statute law countries.


Interesting idea to increase the scope until the LLM gives suggestions on how to 'hack' itself. Good read!


The escalation of commitment scam, interesting to see it so effective when applied to AI.


Super cool! This only works on the side facing the GNSS constellation, right? There is no signal to use on the other side.


I'm still not quite sure how to take this, does this mean that:

We can not fix problematic netcode (this is a running joke in the TF2 comminity)

We can fix game balance issues (that could also be fixed through configs)?


> We can fix game balance issues (that could also be fixed through configs)?

I think some of these fixes were through something a bit more complicated like sourcemod which hooks various methods.


One of the lead researchers in KM3NeT mentioned that the particle was emitting 2 horse power in light during detector transit. A typical body builder expends about 1 horse power while performing, so its 2 body builders in a single particle.


> typical body builder expends about 1 horse power while performing

Close, but ackshually...

Bodybuilders just oil up and pose in beauty pageants.

1 horsepower is basically one 250-pound bench press in one second. (550 foot pounds of work; the aforementioned bench press assumes a 2.2-foot stroke length.)

Most bodybuilders and serious weight lifters can do that, but they can't keep it up for long.


So the neutrino is just doing a PB 1RM?


Ha, that made me laugh, thanks for the correction!


Neither could this neutrino.


Fun fact, a typical horse exerts about 1 horse power of usable work while performing. That's so weird, I'm sure almost no one would've been able to guess that - but it's true.

(To be clear, that's sustained effort over time, not just momentary. Athletically trained humans can do about 1 HP of peak momentary effort, and around 0.3 HP if sustained over time.)


And a horse can do quite a bit more in peak as well— 1 HP is definitely meant to be the long term continuous output of a typical horse under load, especially a consistent load such as turning a millstone.


That's an all-day number. Peak HP/horse is somewhere in the 6-15 range.


The funny thing is that a typical horse probably has closer to 2 or 3 horsepower and a big chonkin draft horse up to 4 or 5 times.

James Watt just picked the smallest possible value of horse when defining the unit so he could sell more steam engines.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qxTKtlvaVE (donut, How Much Horsepower is a Horse?)


Track cyclists (sprinters, world class) do 2KW+ peak for a few seconds at a time. That's potentially ~3HP. (and while doing so, average more than 70kph over a 200m distance)


It must have been a very short amount of time. 2 HP is 1,500 watts, probably more light than all lightbulbs in my house combined.


The muon traverses a few hundred meters of detection volume very close to the speed of light, so in the order of one microsecond.


1500 watts is about what an electric kettle uses.


American kettles. Kettles in hard core countries push 2300 to 2400 watts ;-)


American stove startups can do it in 40 seconds with ??? watts by precharging a battery.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdawGen0QPc


Slow-boiled water gives superior flavor!


Keeps the midichlorians from jumping out.


I always cook my water sous-vide


Meh, Lidl sells 3200w kettles.


Where are the three phase models??

Seriously though, a 15A kettle sounds great.


Photonicinduction's 10-second kettle[1] managed about 10kW max (took around 5s to boil water) for a short time, 440V 23A. Then the resistance dropped, it went up to 16kW (426V 33A) and popped. 7-8kW (375V 19A to 400V 20A) seemed more sustainable.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDLw1Rx_cAI


2500W on 240V, single phase AC, 16A, German 'Schuko'-plug is normal. Or was. Some EU-regulation limits that to 2000, or even 1500W only now, for new devices, or something.

Don't care. Still have the old ones, and whatever the electrician wired as '120V 3-phase AC' for the full US-style range in the US.


UK 240V with 13A sockets, 3120W. Sounds like Lidl are rounding up.


So, 2,000 milliSchwarzeneggers if we use SI units?


Yes, but please observe SI rules [1]: it's millischwarzeneggers.

> This means that they should be typeset in the same character set as other common nouns (e.g. Latin alphabet in English, Cyrillic script in Russian, etc.), following the usual grammatical and orthographical rules of the context language. For example, in English and French, even when the unit is named after a person and its symbol begins with a capital letter, the unit name in running text should start with a lowercase letter (e.g., newton, hertz, pascal) and is capitalised only at the beginning of a sentence and in headings and publication titles.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_System_of_Units#...


Can we harvest that energy?


Not for that particular neutrino, it's gone. But yes, my home (and yours) is being heated by neutrino power as we speak. It's not a significant enough amount of energy to make a dent in the utility bill however.


Most inefficient thermal power plant possible: utilize the difference in neutrino flux between the hemisphere that's open to space vs. the hemisphere where Earth is in the way.

But now I'm wondering what percentage of the useful thermal power in a nuclear power plant is produced by the neutrinos created in the reactions (the infinitesimally small fraction that happen to interact with the matter within the reactor, that is).


On the contrary, it would have to be efficient indeed to do anything useful underneath all of the shielding that we'd need to keep those baser forms of radiation at bay. Gamma rays: yuck.


This particle spread this energy through a volume of seawater a few km deep in the Mediterranean. It's going to raise the temperature of that volume a few billionths of a degree, if that. So, no, we can't.


What if our existing solar panels are optimized to detect these? Then will it improve the quality of solar panels to capture more energy from sunlight as well? Sorry, I'm no expert in this - asking more of a curiosity.


There's nothing to optimize here, neutrinos just interact very very weakly with anything else because they don't carry charge (so no electrical interactions), don't carry color charge (so no nuclear interactions), don't carry weak charge (so no weak force interactions) and have tiny tiny masses, but they are still bosons (so don't act as field carriers like photons do, they're just regular matter). Their low chance of interacting with matter is a fundamental property of them, there's nothing you can do about it through technology, just like you can't create heavier electrons or weaker quarks.


> don't carry weak charge (so no weak force interactions)

Left neutrino have weak hypercharge, so they are produce by weak interactions and are detected using the weak interaction. And also gravity.

Right neutrinos (if they exist) have no weak hypercharge so they only interact by gravity.


Thanks for the correction!


Neutrinos interact extremely weakly with ordinary matter, which is why the detectors are typically huge volumes of water. Even then, the neutrinos interact with the purpose-built detectors on the order of one in a trillion. A neutrino power generator is not a feasible thing to build.


Unless you're next to an exploding star, in which case you have other problems/opportunities.


It's an enormous amount of energy packed into a single tiny particle.

But it's still just a single tiny particle, so it's not a lot of total energy.

It's like how you can lift a heavy weight for a second, but that's all you can do. You would need to be able to lift it for hours to be useful as a replacement for a crane. Same idea: Intensity vs total work.


If we had the ability to detect neutrinos in such a small volume as a solar panel they’d be immensely valuable for communication - we’d be able to beam signals directly through the Earth, or through deep water.


Following that same line, if we had that ability, it would be useful for communicating to deep submarines like the U.S. used to do with Project Sanguine[0] and ELF waves :)

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Sanguine


It might improve the quality of neutrino astronomy to have the world's solar panels also be neutrino detectors.


Particle on steroids.


I've been using mistral for most of January at the same rate as chatgpt before. I decided to pay for it as its per token (in and out) and the bill came yesterday... A whopping 1 cent. Thats probably rounded up.


> I decided to pay for it as its per token (in and out) and the bill came yesterday... A whopping 1 cent.

Doesn't sound too good wrt their eventual profitability.


I've been using it for about a year now and for personal stuff its fine. Just some sheets and the occasional document and there haven't been any issues with formatting and such that tend to pop up when moving between MS and others. It runs with a single window too, where all docs and sheets are open, I like that.


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