I would sincerely hope .gov addresses use SPF/DKIM/DMARC. That makes spoofing impossible. In Revolut's case, the sender's email system had been compromised.
Given the difference between Musk's optimistic timelines (and share price) and what he actually delivers…
would've been fun, perhaps, to be one of the first Martians. But even though I'm younger than Musk, I no longer expect him to deliver in my lifetime let alone his.
Laughable to imply that an individual retail investor will have any say or influence on a corporation as large as SpaceX in which Musk has a controlling stake.
SpaceX has many investors, not owners. If you don't have any say in how the company is run you're not an owner.
SpaceX utilizes a dual-class share structure where CEO Elon Musk retains between 82.4% and 85% of the total voting power, despite only owning roughly 42% of the company's actual equity.
Literally true. The basket of goods for US inflation metric used to include steak. Then it was changed to ground beef. You used to buy ice-cream, now you buy “frozen dairy deserts”.
My understanding is that UMoria is an independent, complete remake of the original Moria. NetHack on the other hand is the same project with the same codebase throughout its history. With that in mind, NetHack is a few months older than the Moria still under development today.
Not to say that this is necessarily the right way to look at it. It's not clear-cut, is what I'm saying.
It's also not simply a matter of agreeing on what tasks to use. The task has to be computationally difficult to perform, but computationally trivial to verify. It must also be verifiable with only the context of the blockchain (no "oracle" that can make claims about real-world events).
Primecoin exist(ed?) and used the search for Mersenne prime numbers as its proof-of-work. That was 13 years ago and is still the only example I know of "proof-of-useful-work", and it would not be difficult to find sour voices challenging its usefulness.
While they don't have that many in the wild, the number of implementations it lists is still more than I expected. There's also the Monero 51% takeover, which was purportedly done using a PoUW technique to garner more hashing power.
The disappointing truth is that we simply don't know. Satoshi never explained it. For SHA-2 it can be used as a mitigation against length-extension attacks¹, and this seems like the most likely explanation, but it's just speculation.
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