They should really update those links. Could be a coincidence but about half seemed to redirect me to a service that was discontinued or continued under a different name.
Both of these do, in a way. They just differ in which gaussian distribution they're fitting to.
And how I suppose. PCA is effectively moment matching, least squares is max likelihood. These correspond to the two ways of minimizing the Kullback Leibler divergence to or from a gaussian distribution.
Ultimately I think the paradox comes from mixing two paradigms that aren't really designed to be mixed.
That said you can give a Bayesian argument for p-circling provided you have a prior on the power of the test. The details are almost impossible to work out except for a case by case calculation because unless I'm mistake the shape of the p-value distribution when the null-hypothesis does not hold is very ill defined.
However it's quite possible to give some examples where intuitively a p-value of just below 0.05 would be highly suspicious. You just need to mix tests with high power with unclear results. Say for example you're testing the existence of gravity with various objects and you get a probability of <0.04% that objects just stay in the air indefinitely.
I mean it should be obvious that making executive decisions about what the code should do exactly should only be left to a RNG powered model if the choices made are unimportant.
The real difference is that the coroutine is not going to do _anything_ until it is awaited, but I don't think the asyncio task is really different in a meaningful way. It's just a wrapper with an actual task manager so you can run things 'concurrently'.
Python does have two different coroutines, but they're generators and async functions. You can go from one to the other,
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