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I talked to a big Grateful Dead fan the other day and he told me that they had special areas setup for anybody who wanted to record. They were happy to let people share.

Yup, same as Phish.

I used to buy VHS tapes of live Phish recordings from the person at the show. VHS because of the fidelity I guess.


Yep, the tapers section. At some shows you could get a soundboard feed.

I was a teenager at the last show I was at, and I always envied thise guys.


Iran has repeatedly stated their intent to use them.

They've also stated at various times that they believe first use or any use to be against Islamic law.

I don't find any of these statements to be particularly credible, but I also don't think they're going to strap the first bomb they make to the closest missile they find and immediately send it at Tel Aviv when it surely means the total destruction of the Iranian state.


Iran has repeatedly stated they will not develop nuclear weapons.

do you remember what usa president stated just couple of days ago? to destroy whole country. didnt it sounded credible enough?

Why would the US be desperate for a ceasefire?

Upcoming midterm elections and lack of public support for the war.

Lack of domestic support, lack of international support

the requirement for congressional approval if the conflict persists longer than 90 days from the first “military operation”

potential for escalation by various allies into a much more involved conflict

downstream impacts of Hormuz being impassable

among I’m sure several other reasons I’m not informed enough to point out.


One preference the US public seems to reliably deliver via elections is the desire for lower prices.

Because it's becoming another Middle East quagmire which the American public has very little patience for, and it's bad for Wall Street, bad for prices at the pump, and bad for the global economy.

Do you understand how escalation works? US policymakers have discussed this for literal decades at this point, I'm shocked that we have to reiterate this.

Neither America nor Israel are willing to put boots on the ground. The bombing campaign failed, the naval campaign did not secure the Strait of Hormuz, and the enriched nuclear material is not going anywhere. If the war continues to escalate, America and Israel will be directly blamed for the humanitarian consequences of desalinization, ammonia and nitrogen plants being attacked. They cannot alleviate these issues with a air war, so they have to sue for peace or commit to a real invasion. Thus, the escalation ladder entirely belongs to Iran, they decide what the US and Israel coalition bleed for.

It's why the US threatened civilian infrastructure; they ran out of leverage. The stated goals were not attained, the home front in Iran is not divided, the China/Russia support axis is not disrupted, and America's allies won't fight alongside them for Israel. It's over, this is the damage control phase for both sides.


All those ships are needed for an easy win in Cuba.

Last time he got a bunch of money he used it to fund SpaceX and Tesla.

Now also Neuralink.

It’s hard to imagine anyone else who’s done more for the planet with his money than Musk.


[flagged]


Another recent commentator wrote here that he's responsible for "millions" of dead via the curtailing of USAID.

I'm a bit skeptical of estimates that vary by 3 orders of magnitude.


For the sake of argument let’s say that number was accurate.

How would you feel about that?


I'm not engaging in convicting people without concrete evidence.

I think that the reason you reject the claims and won’t even entertain the notion as a hypothetical is because you know deep down that you’ve been duped by Musk and can’t admit that fact publicly.

Should incontrovertible proof of the magnitude of the atrocities that he has committed come to light you’ll pivot and say that it was worth it because he’s taking us to Mars.

That’s how conmen work and Musk is a damn good one. The sooner you can admit that you’re duped is the sooner you’ll stop letting yourself be duped by him.

I’ll admit that I was duped by him too. I used to believe his stuff and this dream of mars.


When you find proof of atrocities, feel free to post it.

> dream of mars

He's doing something about it, while nobody else does nuttin.

Meanwhile, https://medium.com/swlh/here-s-to-the-crazy-ones-941190f58c5...

And it's his money being spent on it, not yours. You're not out anything. And if he succeeds, we all win.

The starship is a reality. Not a con.


Why don’t you just admit that you don’t really give a shit how many people he kills or laws he breaks as long as he does cool space stuff?

Like why beat around the bush? Just be honest man. The honesty would be refreshing.

It’s not like this attitude is unprecedented in aeronautics.


He hasn't killed anybody. Nor has he been charged with any crimes.

google sez: "One estimate suggests Tesla’s impact, through emission reductions, has saved over 20,000 lives globally."

google sez: "A 2022 report suggested that Tesla and other electric vehicle technologies (which often include enhanced safety features) have contributed to saving thousands of lives."

Empathy is judged by what one is willing to freely give. Not by making someone else give, and not by spending someone else's money.

> It’s not like this attitude is unprecedented in aeronautics.

You'd be quite wrong. I've worked with many aeronautical engineers, and their primary concern is safety. I'm personally very proud that the system I worked on has never been at fault in an accident. When the MD-83 went down because of jackscrew failure, I was sweating bullets worrying that it was a 757. Whenever I board an aircraft that is a 757, I feel a lot of pride and I always ask to speak to the captain and ask him how he likes it. They always say they love the 757. Makes me happy!


Here's the deal. I feel the same way about it as you do Walter.

I don't really care about all those people who will die because of Musk's actions at Doge with USAID. Poor Americans, poor Africans, In the context of getting humanity to space are all just fuel for the fire -- just like the slaves in mittelwerk and Von Braun. You don't need to convince me that you care about human life and that Elon Musk does too with some nebulous numbers that indicate that Tesla cars save a smattering of lives through reduced collisions and emissions.

My criticism of Musk isn't that he's hurting people -- that's just what shitty people do and I can't stop him -- my criticism is that he's not actually going to do the cool shit that he said he was going to do. It's all a con.

I think they'll get Starship mostly figured out but it'll end up underdelivering on payload. I don't just mean like the way it already has but they claim to be fixing it in v2 and v3, I mean the final version that does launch and comes back to Earth will have a relatively underspecced payload compared to what he sold us as a bill of goods all those years ago. It won't facilitate going to Mars as he sells it but it will enable amazing orbital stuff that can maybe one day serve as a springboard to further space exploration.

But Mars, it just ain't happening.

If you listen to his recent interview with Dwarkesh[0] you'll see that Mars is off the table now. The moon is actually where the cool kids have always wanted to go to and not Mars. And we're building data centres in space now -- terawatts worth -- and robot taxis with robot chauffers or something?

Do you actually think that space will be the cheapest place to locate data centres by 2029? If not then, will it ever be? It seems pretty bogus to me. Why would he make such an outrageous claim? The physics seem to work out, but I'm not certain about the radiation issue in LEO. I don't know enough about it, but it seems to me that it will ultimately require redesigned hardware architectures that can handle this kind of stuff, the workload certainly seems amenable to it, so it should be doable. But designing new chip architectures, and producing and testing all this in three years, on top of everything else that will go into one of these satellites, on top of everything else that his companies are doing sounds too good to be true. This ain't happening in three years.

Do you actually think that Musk's companies will actually be fabbing terawatts of photovoltaics? He says they plan to do it all in house, so what does that mean? Are they going to make their own wafers? Their own ingots? Source their own sand? How long will take to scale up? I don't see hown they can ever compete with China and I'm sure China will knee-cap them at every turn to prevent a competitor in the solar market. I just don't see an American company ever producing a significant quality of solar panels ever again. Just like America is the pornography producing capital of the world and always will be I think it's going to be the same with solar for China. People specialize in what they're good at. That's just comparative advantage.

As for the Optimus Robot -- do you actually think humanoid robots are going to be a household item in the next five years? Worth shutting down to automobile assembly lines to convert into robot production lines? Seems a bit foolish to me when you could be selling cars, a proven product with a known market. I don't think I need to say too much about the robotaxi stuff -- this list of claims about self driving speaks for itself.[0]

When you listen to Elon Musk talk about these things in the interview and you look at his facial expressions and mannerisms, do you actually get the impression that he knows what he's talking about and not just blowing smoke up the host's ass? Because when I look at this stuff, I see a con-man. I see a flim-flam man doing the interview circuit to drum up some press for his impending IPO.

The way I see it Walter, you and others are still in denial about getting duped by Musk. I think on some level you're aware but pride prevents you from expressing doubts and you're still a ways off from admitting the possiblity that you could have been duped. I was duped too. It's okay to admit it.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_predictions_for_autono...


Did you know that von Braun was jailed by the SS because he was spending too much time dreaming about planets and not enough about weapons? Von Braun was a dead man if he didn't do what they said. What would you do in his shoes?

As for Mars, I've advocated in this forum numerous times that a more practical goal was a Moon base. I doubt I'll live to see a man on Mars.

If Musk has 10 amazing goals, and delivers on 3 of them, is he a success or a con man? I say success. So what has he delivered on? Tesla, X, Grok, AI, Neuralink, The Boring Company (yes it is profitable!), reusable cheap rockets, and Starlink. Any one of those would be a storied lifetime achievement for anyone else.

Platitude alert: If you're not failing, you're not trying.

Who would you say is a more successful entrepreneur than Musk?


Musk can be both an successful entrepreneur and a conman. Just like how Musk can be a successful entrepreneur and an absolutely terrible father.

These things often go together like peanut butter and jam.

Ten amazing goals, and delivers on three is exactly how a con works -- The con-man over promises massively, delivers on the easier or more profitable stuff and then glosses over the stuff that they didn't deliver on.

The key difference between an overly ambitious but honest person and a conman is that a conman has absolutely no intention of folowing through on any of the things promise if they don't have to. They only deliver on what they have to to keep the con going and that's what Musk has been doing for well over a decade. I'm sure at some point he genuinely believed that self driving cars are right around the corner but he's come to realize that htey aren't and it doesn't matter because he can just make that same promise ove rand over and rubes fall for it time and time again.

As for your point regarding Von Braun, I highly recommend this biography[0] of him if you haven't read it. It contains details about that episode of his life and many more fascinating ones. I'm glad that you chose to defend Von Braun in your reply because it is a perfect example of what I'm talking about. People in the space community have been reflexively minimizing the hrm done by 'great men' for decades simply because they think space stuff is cool.

Just be honest with yourself about why you like Von Braun. You don't need to paint him in a sympathetic light becauase his persuit of something cool resulted in him making a pact with the devil that almost resulted in his death.

The question isn't whether or not a person like Musk is a successful entrepreneur or whether or not someone like Von Braun was a spectacular project manager. The question is whether not his current slate of promises -- space data centres, domestic robots, robotaxis etc... are credible.

I think that your choice to omit commenting on them is illuminating -- you know they're not credible. You know they exist to serve his financial interests and bolster his upcoming IPO with little regard for veracity or legality.

So yeah the question in my mind isn't "Does he do cool stuff?" but "is the cool stuff he does worth the negative externalities that he dumps on society?" and I think the answer to that is likely to be no.

Musk like all the other current crop of American oligarchs are weakening America's grip on the world and it will have calamitous effects on the American people.

[0] https://www.amazon.ca/Von-Braun-Dreamer-Space-Engineer/dp/03...


> Ten amazing goals, and delivers on three is exactly how a con works

A very cynical take. I've tried and failed at many things, and succeeded here and there. Does that make me a con man? If you're not failing, then you aren't trying.

> is the cool stuff he does worth the negative externalities that he dumps on society?

Musk's Tesla is estimated to have saved 20,000 lives. And then there's Neuralink. And Starlink, which stepped in to help the hurricane Helene victims when FEMA fell flat.

> Musk like all the other current crop of American oligarchs are weakening America's grip on the world

That's quite a claim. I don't see any evidence of that.

> you know they're not credible. You know they exist to serve his financial interests and bolster his upcoming IPO with little regard for veracity or legality.

Assuming your arguments are so compelling that I must be secretly agreeing with you is the "false consensus fallacy".

My knowledge of von Braun comes from the book "V2" by Dornberger. As for the practical effect of the V2 program, see "Impact" by King. (Spoiler: the V2 program was enormously expensive yet ineffective, and shortened the war. It was ineffective because its guidance system was not accurate enough.)

Von Braun at one point was imprisoned by the SS and threatened with execution if he didn't stop dreaming about interplanetary flight and get busy with the military use of the V2.

Wikipedia's take on this:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun

Pretty much all the liquid fueled rockets of today can trace their lineage back to the V2. The Saturn V was a scaled up V2. Von Braun's team figured out all the crucial details of how to make a liquid rocket engine work:

1. boundary layer cooling

2. nozzle cooled by liquid oxygen, which also preheated the oxygen

3. baffles to prevent pogo-ing

4. turbo-pumps

5. first supersonic airframe

6. first guidance mechanism


Presumably he doesn't "admit" it because it isn't true. You aren't going to get anywhere convincing people if you make attacks on your interlocutor like this.

He's directly responsible for the deaths of several hundred thousand people via DOGE and their abrupt withdrawal and support of food aid.

https://hsph.harvard.edu/news/usaid-shutdown-has-led-to-hund...


Those estimates are highly disputed because they all come from modeled projections, not anything attributed on the ground.

If a death toll like that was real and attributable it would be the only thing in the news, 24/7, until the next election.

The fact is, it’s not. Aid was relocated to other departments and continued. Significant insider pork was cut leading to a lot of very loud people complaining with hyperbole in their outrage.

Elon remains the most effective person in history at wielding wealth for the benefit of mankind. It is not particularly close and he has banked more credibility for moon-shot efforts (pun intended) than anyone on the planet.


> The fact is, it’s not. Aid was relocated to other departments and continued.

Source?

All the recent data I can find shows a more than 80% decline in global food aid, education, and vaccinations, as of February 2026.

Education aid for 23 million children, 95 million lost access to basic healthcare, and from March 2025 to Feb 2026, an estimated ~3 million preventable deaths caused by this.

Sources: https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/issues/making-foreign-a...

https://firstfocus.org/resource/fact-sheet-usaid-cuts-total-...

https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/chikungunya/quick-takes-death-tol...

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2025/02/04/africa-trump...

https://www.rescue.org/article/innovation-vs-cuts-humanitari...


Directly? I do not think it means what you think it means.

Hate the guy all you want, even for this, but don't try and juice it another 20% with emotional words that are ultimately incorrect.


Okay let me juice you with some "emotional words".

There is a direct line from his decisions to more than ten times the number of Americans KIA in the entirety of the Vietnam war.

Argue about how it happened all you want, the bodies are at his fucking feet. CEOs and leadership of organizations are accountable for their decisions.

"Emotional"

How about get a fucking working conscience.

Hundreds of thousands are dead, two thirds of which were kids. Children.


Tar?

"Tar, acclaimed to have been formed from the sweat of Väinämöinen, a central character from the Finnish national epic Kalevala, was an important medicament to the former-day Finns. Tar actually did bear antiseptic features, which worked as a cure for infections. Lately tar has been recognised to include parts that can cause cancer, and the European Union has urged that its use should be avoided." [1]

I personally dont know how tar was used for health, but it was big export item of Finland during medieval times.

[1]https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/themes/themes/health-a-wellbein...


Vishnevski’s Liniment, which contains birch tar, was a common treatment for wound infections and burns in the Soviet bloc. However, this was something that individuals used because there was nothing else at hand.

Now, there are things like Fucidin, Polysporin and silver ointment for infected wounds and burns, respectively, that are safer and more effective.

Some people still swear by it, because “tradition” and probably some element of malignant patriotism too.


Tar based, (anti)Dandruff Shampoo is still a thing

Yeah, works great but may cause cancer…

It is great stuff, I use it regularly. It makes my grey hair go all frizzy and flyaway, so that is a plus.

I only know how it’s used for psoriasis as part of the Goeckerman method [1] but allegedly there’s some general anti-inflammatory effect.

[1] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3735239/


It's mildly anti-fungal as well, which makes it effective in dandruff shampoo since a lot of dandruff is caused by fungal overgrowth, aka seborrheic dermatitis.

Another weird/fun one is using bleach as an anti-inflammatory (topical only, of course...), although these days you can find derivative products that offer the same benefits but are much less harsh.


I take a mild bleach bath sometimes and it’s quite invigorating. Seems to kill off a lot of skin surface bacteria which can sometimes be beneficial (there’s good and bad bacteria on your skin).

Not to be done too often but every once in a while I find it helpful. Not all that different from a strongly chlorinated pool.

Another cool one, especially if you don’t have a sauna, is doing a mustard bath. You will sweat like a stuck pig


> ... doing a mustard bath.

So many questions...

American, English, or Dijon?

*Sponsored by Heinz? ;)


lol. They make formulations you can buy but I make my own. A cup of ground mustard seed, which I buy fairly cheap online, and a few tablespoons of baking soda, plus some essentials oils mainly to cut through the mustard smell.

Pour that in a warm bath and soak for 20 mins. Then get out and wrap yourself in a towel and continue sweating for 15 mins or so.


Maybe chuck in some chilli next time too?

Sounds like you're making human soup? :)


piss on your feet (not in the sauna)

Do you... eat the tar? Put it on your skin? What exactly do you do with it?

Besides water proofing wooden boats and long time ago ships pine and fir tar it's been used protecting wooden roof tiles when they were a thing and still are used old wooden churches keeping and restoring.

It's used small amounts in additive in soap or shampoo mostly as a scent, mouth pastille and lozenge a for taste, animal health care kind antibacterial and bug resistant etc. long time ago.

Quite lot of applications especially old times long time ago before more scientifically developed medicines were commonly available. These days less there but it's used as a scent or for flavour.


I believe they were asking in the context of the quote at the start of the thread - "If liquor, tar and sauna won’t help, an illness is fatal."

I'm also still unclear on how it was used to treat human illness (treating boats and roofs is clear enough)


Sometimes you eat the delicious tar, yes!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terva_Leijona

I'm guessing these might no longer contain actual tar.


I think you can just replace it with Vaseline (Petroleum jelly) for 99% of the benefits

That's not antiseptic

Go to an ER or UC and have them dress a wound for you. They will use a healthy dose of petroleum jelly and generally tell you to stay away from antibiotic ointments.

Use honey instead.

Not directly, but it acts as a barrier against microbes.

Tar. Specifically wood tar,

Pine tar is used in topical medicine for dermatology around the world I don't think it's limited to anywhere particular.

In Finland, they are most likely using birch tar.

Nah, it's pine.

Isn't that the same stuff as in soldering flux?

Smells good, for sure. But I don't know if it promotes good health.


And coal tar

Not the tapes, tar pit tar, the black thingy used in boats. And now that I read what's the translation it seems to be asphalt actually.

Pine sap. You can get a schnapps of it, obviously.

Can this actually work?

It does. I've been tinkering with Copilot Studio Agents and you can hit a 8k character limit quickly. By taking your instructions and asking Copilot to compress the information down, while ensuring they are still human readable, you can cut it back to about 5k characters. The information is more dense and functionally the same and the agent is just as consistent as before.

Anything that reduce input/output works to an extent logically.

The timing of having Meta dropping encrypted chats on Instagram is...interesting.


Having some natural gas purely as a secondary emergency heat source is well worth it IMO.


It might not be needed though if you have a battery generator and enough solar panels.

But if you have a BBQ with propane and the sun didn't shine for many many days that should be sufficient.


Your comment is ambiguous; in the event that anybody is interpreting this as "use your propane BBQ to heat your house" don't do that. You are highly likely to get a first-hand experience of CO toxicity.


having a military grade generator (can pick up decomissioned ones for pretty cheap) as a backup still works.


I was thinking just high heat output gas logs. Heat source, you can cook on them and it's not loud.


Economics will always win in the end. At the rate that costs are dropping for solar, it should just be a matter of time.

Biggest concerns are usually placement and durability to bad weather.


> Economics will always win in the end.

This may have been true in the past but the economics of today is "whether this is good for 1% of the population" and not in general, yes? If I can buy cheap solar panels from China (or say for the sake of argument someone "friendlier" like Germany) but that gets slapped with tariffs or other means the "administration" (bought by the 1% crowd) has at their disposal to prevent this from happening. If we lived in a free market this would be true for sure but we don't (by we I mean USA :) )


The remaining oil companies will profit tremendously from the high oil prices. I am sure they will have no problem allocating some of those extra profits to sabotage attempts to consider any alternative energy sources.


> Biggest concerns are usually placement and durability to bad weather.

And energy storage, and peaking, and matching demand to supply at the grid level. None of which are included in the usual "costs" of solar.


Hold on…that was an entirely fictional story?

Is there some part of it that was based on real people?


This autumn I have visited the Lavardens Castle which had an exhibition on D'Artagnan. Stole the English version of the explanations (QR codes, hosted incognito on their website)

https://pax.github.io/playground/lavardens-dartagnan/


Same here. I thought it was completely fictional.

So, I immediately looked it up. There was a real d'Artagnan, he was kind of a big deal, so Dumas wrote some stories based on a fictionalized version of the real d'Artagnan.


Wow, that's really cool. I knew that Cardinal Richelieu was a real person (and that he is credited with inventing the butter knife!), but I didn't realize there were others.


D'Artagnan - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Batz_de_Castelmore_...

Cardinal Mazarin - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin

Athos - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armand_d%27Athos

Porthos - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_de_Porthau

Aramis - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_d%27Aramitz

Comte de Troisville (D'artagnan's mentor) - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte_de_Troisville

All highly fictionalized and I have had trouble finding information on the real counterparts (aside from the Cardinal). I started learning about that period of history after listening to the D'Artagnan Romances in audiobook form.

The other interesting thing is Gatien de Courtilz de Sanras wrote semi-fictional accounts of D'Artagnan, published 27 years after D'artagnan's death and 144 years before Dumas' The Three Musketeers ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatien_de_Courtilz_de_Sandras ).


Don't forget the Duke of Buckingham - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Villiers,_1st_Duke_of_B.... Dumas' fictionalized version was far better than the real person.


> I knew that Cardinal Richelieu was a real person

And he was more than a big deal. One of the most powerful people in Europe at the time.


Maastricht today is not a French city. The city was returned after a peace treaty.

A hero and a heroic death in a pointless war.


I read the original Dumas story a few years back. Never had any idea.


I had a similar experience with the characters in Sienkiewicz's Trilogy. A number of the fictional characters were amalgamations of actual historical figures, with added or modified histories. For example, the character of Sir Wołodyjowski is actually drawn from two figures with the same surname.

(For those interested, Jerzy Hoffman has produced excellent film adaptations of these books, two while navigating communist censorship, which is why they were filmed in reverse order. In reading order:

- "With Fire and Sword" (1999) [1]

- "The Deluge" (1974) [0] (trailer for the significantly shortened 2014 director's cut [3])

- "The Colonel Wołodyjowski" [2]

In my opinion, and this is widely regarded to be the case, the original 5+ hour "The Deluge" is the best of the three and frankly one of the best movies I've ever watched.)

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqdrKEEt_nc

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCESk2joFo8

[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lFO4O4JNjXw

[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBfhvt1zrfU


Some Swedes will be delighted to learn that not only was there a historical d'Artagnan, but also a real life cardinal named Mazarin. But I have yet to find a historical person named Loranga.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loranga,_Masarin_och_Dartanjan...


There were in fact two Mazarin cardinals. The one people know about, who happened to be one of the major statesmen in Europe at the time, and his brother who was notoriously useless.


> his brother who was notoriously useless.

So, he became a priest? (Father Ted [a literary classic] reference)


> So, he became a priest? (Father Ted [a literary classic] reference)

Galileo had (illegitimate) daughters but was unable to find husbands for them, so their remaining options were to become nuns. One seems to have quite brilliant, but the other a drunk:

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo%27s_Daughter

Back in the day the Church was the social safety net of society, so many folks ended up in monasteries as a form of charity for folks that would perhaps otherwise would have no other way to support themselves.


Only if you were reasonably wealthy.

Monasteries were not orphanages. You could sometimes dump a baby off there (they had deposit bins specifically for that), but they wouldn't raise it. They would usually find somebody else to take care of it.

Monasteries did not have accept older children or adults, either. Children given to the church would often come with money for their care and feeding. The poor would often get turned away.

A monastery could be a safe place to house offspring who didn't have a family who could (publicly) support them. They were also good places for second sons and other spare children, and with enough money donated they could work their way up in the church hierarchy to do the family some good.

But it was a lousy social safety net.


Genearlly nuns would enter to convent before puberty while boys would enter the monastary after. You are right that they were not orphanages and did not take young children, thou what orphanages there were, were run by the Church. Abandoing newborns to a orphanage was not possible. Babies can't survive on cow's milk, especially the unpastuzed kind.


AFAIK, babies can survive on goat milk (barely). I think I read that this was used in the past when the mother died and there was no wet nurse available.


Wet nurses were also an option. Presumably not from the monastery, but from a nearby village.



The three musketeers - fictional

d'Artagnan - real

Cardinal Richelieu - real

Queen Anne - real

Louis XIII - real

France - fictional


I laughed so loudly it startled the cat


Sacrebleu !


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