The issue is that you don't know what free actually means. You rely on a lot of government support for your perceived notion of freedom, its just invisible to you because its never been taken away. And if you ever get to experience a life where its been taken away, you sure as shit will be in favor of more authoritarian government.
Every argument against California can be easily disproven by the fact that people aren't moving out in droves like everyone says, and house prices are still very high because people want to live there.
Covid should have dropper the house prices drastically in Cali since people had the option to do remote work in a cheaper cost of living state, but all it did was just move the rate negative for like one year - everyone who couldn't afford it was able to get out, only to be replaced by people who can afford to live there.
Thats just a consequence of sample rate as a whole. The entire linear control space is intricately tied to frequency domain, so you have to sample at a rate at least twice higher than your highest frequency event for accurate capture, as per Nyquist theorem.
All of that stuff is used in industry because a lot of regulation (for things like aircraft) basically requires your control laws to be linear so that you can prove stability.
In reality, when you get into non linear control, you can do a lot more stuff.
I did a research project in college where we had an autonomous underwater glider that could only get gps lock when it surfaced, and had to rely on shitty MEMS imu control under water. I actually proposed doing a neural network for control, but it got shot down because "neural nets are black boxes" lol.
True. I have often encountered motion controllers where the implementer failed to realize that calculating derived variables like acceleration from position and velocity using a direct derivative formula will violate the Nyquist condition, and therefore yields underperforming controllers or totally noisy signal inputs to them. You either need to adjust your sample or control loop rates, or run an appropriate estimator. Depending on the problem it can be something sophisticated like an LQR/KF, or even in some cases a simple alpha-beta-gamma filter (poor version of a predictor-corrector process) can be adequate.
I feel like people overcomplicate even the "simple" explanations like the OPs and this one.
Basically, a Kalman filter is part of a larger class of "estimators", which take the input data, and run additional processing on top of it to figure out the true measurement.
The very basic estimator a low pass filter is also an "estimator" - it rejects high frequency noise, and gives you essentially a moving average. But is a static filter that assumes that your process has noise of a certain frequency, and anything below that is actual changes in the measured variable.
You can make the estimator better. Say you have some idea of how the process variable should behave.For a very simple case, say you are measuring temperature, and you have a current measurement, and you know that change in temperature is related to current being put through a winding. You can capture that relationship in a model of the process, which runs along side the measurement of the actual temperature. Now you have the noisy temperature reading, the predicted reading (which acts like a mean), and you can compute the covariance of the noise, which then you can use to tune the parameter of low pass filter. So if your noise changes in frequency for some reason, the filter will adjust and take care of it.
The Kalman filter is an enhanced version of above, with the added feature of capturing correlation between process variables and using the measurement to update variables that are not directly measurement. For example, if position and velocity are correlated, a refined measurement on the position from gps, will also correct a refined measurement on velocity even if you are not measuring velocity (since you are computing velocity based of an internal model)
The reason it can be kind of confusing is because it basically operates in the matrix linear space, by design to work with other tools that let you do further analysis. So with restriction to linear algebra, you have to assume gaussian noise profile, and estimate process dependence as a covariance measure.
But Kalman filter isnt the end/all be all for noise rejection. You can do any sort of estimation in non linear ways. For example, I designed an automated braking system for an aircraft that tracks a certain brake force command, by commanding a servo to basically press on a brake pedal. Instead of a Kalman filter, I basically ran tests on the system and got a 4d map of (position, pressure, servo_velocity)-> new_pressure, which then I inverted to get the required velocity for target new pressure. So the process estimation was basically commanding the servo to move at a certain speed, getting the pressure, then using position, existing pressure, and pressure error to compute a new velocity, and so on.
When doing Kalman filters, you usually have the basic form of the dynamics in the linear system, but the coefficients are usually determined experimentally (since things like mass is hard to estimate)
Additionaly, because i have direct integrator control (i.e when my target is at setpoint, my control input is 0), all I need is a proportional gain that is small enough for the system to not go unstable. And i have a physical low pass filter of the motor rotor inertia.
When it lands. Auto brakes apply to the wheels to target a specific deceleration target. You don’t want to brake too hard and cause undue wear and you don’t want to under brake and miss your taxiway or go off the runway.
Gosh I should have thought of auto-braking. For some reason I kept thinking this was some fancy drone-braking system and couldn't figure out how you'd brake in the air... I never even considered the on-the-ground case. Thanks.
Nvidia 6xxx series, which was the first card to support SLI. I remember my gaming pc in college with 6x series card, and being able to get another card and use and SLI bridge that increased performance in some games.
Nvidia GeForce 900 series, which had the Titan with 12gb, first card iirc to able to support larger resolution gaming.
Nvidia RXT series which started with 20xx i think, first card to come with 24gb of ram.
And then the modern 4xxx series which used to fry power cables.
This is definitely out of the blue in terms of the person behind it. Its a cool concept as well (basically compressing meaning using language only).
That being said, can't help but wonder if stuff like this is better done with auto-encoders. The implementation in dialect.py seems very "narrative" oriented, probably not that good for things like coding.
As someone from Europe, to me the democrats don’t seem to particularly care about poor people either. They apparently do a slightly better job than the republicans, but that’s not a very high bar.
Also from outside the US, and the Democrats, the party itself that is not its supporters, are a bunch of human no-ops voted for by people who have no other choice than to vote for them because the alternative would be to vote for Trump. I read some stats somewhere saying that 80% of Democrat voters opposed the genocide in Gaza while the Democrat leadership were quite OK with it. This is a party that's completely out of touch with its own supporters, run as a sinecure for the leadership and little else.
If, on the day of Trump's inauguration, you'd replaced the entire Democrat leadership with a string puppet, would anyone have noticed the difference?
Firstly, the Democrats have done way more to actually help the poor people. Just under Bidens term, expansion of the child tax credit has been a huge help, and the infrastructure bill creates a whole lot of jobs.
Secondly, just know that your "centrist" position mask no longer works to hide your right wing views. You aren't fooling anyone when you compare democrats to a literal pedophiles and say both are bad. Luckily though, the EU isn't a bunch of pussies, and people like you can get arrested for lying and spreading misinformation.
The problem is that there is a good amount of people who claim that they are on the left, but ideologically on the right, just like with all the people who did not vote for Kamala because of her stances on Israel. They basically want someone who is just like Trump that would carry out their version of ideal governance without giving a fuck if it destroys the country.
So its not about left vs right anymore, its about sanity vs insanity. You are either for returning to some level of normalcy, and understand that no matter what the Dems faults are, their worst policies or people are way way better than anything that the right has to offer, and criticizing them at this point on any of that is just pointless.
> Secondly, just know that your "centrist" position mask no longer works to hide your right wing views.
Not the person you are replying to, but as someone who is most definetly not right, or centre, I find the democrats very half hearted.
I don't think that you voting for the better of the two makes you right wing (you are limited by the options you have, and by the reality of the impact of your vote), but I do hope the next Democrat administration has the courage to just dictate through executive orders to give Medicade for all, etc, since they have the cover of the current adminstrations trying to create rules to make it all legal.
I really don't know if this is just a symptom of non understanding how bad the situation is. Just for reference, even at the best possible outcome of elections, your life is going to get dramatically harder over the next 10 years because of all the shit Trump did. Jobs are gonna disappear, your house value is going to go down, everything will be more expensive, and your options abroad will be MUCH more limited. No amount of policy is going to fix the seeded distrust that the world has against US, and thats not going to change anytime soon.
If we ever return to some normalcy, then we can have a discussion about the faults with Dems.
Because right now, this rhetoric is akin to being on a sinking ship, and your options are either to be torn apart by sharks in the water, or be on a lifeboat, and you are saying the lifeboat sucks because it doesn't have a sun shade.
Its funny to read these comments where people think that focus is something that they can attain.
Your secret weapon isnt the laptop. Your secret weapon is a combination of a) actually giving a fuck about what you are doing, and b) the vibe of the workspace that makes you enjoy doing what you are doing.
Focus comes from a reinforcement loop of happy hormones that come from doing what you are doing. You can't focus on things that you don't enjoy doing.
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